Unlocking Isaiah

I've heard the book of Isaiah described as the key to the Old Testament, and it is one of those beasty books that is pretty hefty and takes up a lot of Bible space! If you've been put off reading it before, then I really want to encourage you to try reading it from beginning to end, systematically, to really get the sense of the whole book. I think that the book of Isaiah really shows vividly the story of God's salvation, so hopefully this post will give you some helpful handles to grasp onto as you read the book.

1. Creation
The fact that God is the LORD and Creator of everything is emphasised repeatedly in this book, and for good reason! Israel were in a time of chaos and disobedience, and God's judgement was coming upon them; they were going into exile. But Isaiah's message to them as God's prophet in this time was a message of ultimate hope, because they were not simply flies to be squashed, but God's own chosen people whom He was planning to redeem. With big super-powers like Egypt and Babylon looming over them, the Israelites lost confidence in God. Isaiah reminds them that the reason these foreign nations have power over them is because of their sin, and that God is in control behind the human military events that were taking place. Instead of being afraid of other armies, they should be more afraid of God!

'who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die... And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth' (Isa 51:12-13)

2. Sin
Isaiah points out to the people the problem of their sin, from fake religion (trying to impress God with rituals yet not really, in their hearts, loving and trusting Him) to open corruption. The first 39 chapters are pretty hard-going, because there is a constant emphasis on Israel's sin and how God's judgement is coming. But these chapters are in our Bibles for a reason. They show us how seriously God takes sin. They show us that God sees our hearts and motives, and that's what matters more than any outward appearance:

'this people draw near Me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour Me, but have removed their heart far from Me, and their fear toward Me is taught by the precept of men.' (Isa 29:13)

Note that Jesus Himself quotes this passage in Matthew 15 and Mark 7 when teaching and warning people about the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. The more you get familiar with Isaiah, the more you can see the connections with the ministry of Jesus.

3. Saviour
There are several key passages in Isaiah about a 'servant' of God, who will be instrumental in bringing salvation to His people. These are clear prophecies about Jesus Christ, and Jesus Himself was very aware of them, and how He fulfilled them in His own person and ministry. Read Isaiah 42 and 52-53 and I'm sure you won't need to look too far to see the clear parallels. If you've got a reference Bible as well, look at how the New Testament uses Isaiah's prophecies and teaches that they are about Jesus (eg. Mt 8:17). In fact, the account of Jesus praying in Gethsemane 'remove this cup from me' (Lk 22:42), doesn't make sense if you don't know the picture in Isaiah 51:17 of the 'cup of His fury' (that is, God's wrath against sin and His judgement upon it). Jesus knew that on the cross, He would drink that cup, fully bearing the punishment for our sin, so that we could be restored to God. The picture in Isaiah of a Saviour help us to love and worship Jesus with more richness and depth than ever before.

4. Restoration
There are so many wonderful passages in Isaiah about a forthcoming time of blessing and peace:

'For the LORD shall comfort Zion: He will comfort all her waste places; and He will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody.' (Isa 51:3)

When Jesus returns and God's people are raised to life in the new creation, we will experience Eden restored, a closeness with God that we could never have on earth, and a joy of forgiveness knowing that Jesus drunk the cup for us, and has won for us an eternal salvation.

'My righteousness shall be for ever, and My salvation from generation to generation.' Isa 51:8)

Lessons from Psalms #5: Creator

'Lord, our Lord,
how majestic is your name in all the earth!
You have set your glory
in the heavens...
When I consider your heavens,
the work of your fingers,
the moon and the stars,
which you have set in place,
what is mankind that you are mindful of them,
human beings that you care for them?' Ps 8:1, 3-4

'The heavens declare the glory of God;
the skies proclaim the work of his hands.' Ps 19.1

The Psalms are full of praise for God as Creator. There is such a sense of awe when the writers look around them, look up at the stars, and just see God's fingerprints. In Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, you can see the influence of Genesis 1-2 on the way he looks at God and on man's place in creation:

'Before the mountains were born
or you brought forth the whole world,
from everlasting to everlasting you are God.' Ps 90.2

That's what creation does: it shows us God's infinite greatness and puts us in our place. So often I feel like I'm running the show, and it's all about my plan, my progress and my achievements. But I'm missing the bigger picture.

'Our days may come to seventy years,
or eighty, if our strength endures;
yet the best of them are but trouble and sorrow,
for they quickly pass, and we fly away...
Teach us to number our days,
that we may gain a heart of wisdom.' Ps 90.10-12

Our lives are so fleeting in comparison with eternity, yet so often our hearts are rooted to this world instead of the next. This Psalm is a great reminder that though our lives are plagued with the restrictions and realities of death and time, we can find true satisfaction in receiving His mercy and plough our energies into work for Him that has value when done with the right motives: to serve.

'Satisfy us in the morning with your unfailing love,
that we may sing for joy and be glad all our days...
establish the work of our hands for us –
yes, establish the work of our hands.' Ps 90.14,17

In the image of our Creator, we too can create. We can enjoy permanence through His everlasting nature. If I'm looking for my meaning and value in my work (whether in my job, or as a parent, or any other capacity), I'm never going to be satisfied. I'm never going to rest. But if I find my meaning in being a child of God, I can give my work 100% and then rest, knowing that He is God, not me.

When writing to the Corinthians, Paul tells them 'Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labour in the Lord is not in vain.' (1 Cor 15:58). He doesn't promise that we always get the results we want, but he tells us that it's worth giving God our best, because He sees and values a humble spirit that longs to please Him. So much of finding earthly contentment lies in seeing ourselves as God sees us, and not judging ourselves by the world's standards. Only then can we find the peace we crave.

Why we need a mediator

This cropped up in a comment on my last post so I thought I'd write a whole new post on this one!

The key question is this:

if God made us, why do we need a mediator to make a way between us and Him? Why can't we just freely know Him and talk to Him?

This is really the key question of the whole Bible! And answers can be found from very early on in Scripture.

In Genesis 1-2, it is made clear that man has a special role to play in God's amazingly vast and varied creation. God breathes life into the man, and says He has made men and women in His image. Adam and Eve enjoy the garden of Eden but most of all they enjoy fellowship with God, who walked with them in the garden. They were perfect and sinless in a perfect creation.

However, it's worth saying here that even in their perfect, sinless state, they did not deserve the privileges they were given. However amazing humans are, they are nothing in comparison to the great and awesome God who spoke an entire universe into being. 'and God said, "Let there be light...' (Gen 1:3) However wonderful we are, God is far more wonderful. That He chose to make us and He chose to walk in the garden are wonderful examples of His grace- His undeserved favour given to those who do not deserve it.

We see further evidences of His grace in the beautiful creation that surrounds us. Look at all the wonderful varieties of butterfly, bird and flower. Look at the astounding intricacy and delicacy of bees building a honeycomb, and we can see that God has made us an interesting, complex and beautiful creation. He didn't have to create colours, shades and tones. He didn't have to make all the textures and sounds and movements in creation. But He did, out of His infinite grace and His creative wisdom and imagination.

Psalm 8 really encapsulates the awe we should feel when we look at the world around us:
'When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,
what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?' (v3-4)

When we compare ourselves to the gigantic splendour of the sun and stars, we get some perspective of how small we are in this universe, and of how much greater God is. We don't deserve His grace and favour, yet He still gives it! And even when we rebel against Him...

Because that's the story of Genesis 3. Adam and Eve, despite their wonderful privileges, did the one thing they were asked not to do. They ate the fruit and their sin separated them from God. They were exiled from Eden.

Ever since then, men have needed a way to be made right with God. And in the rest of the Bible, there is an increasing revelation of how God makes that possible. In the rest of Genesis, God chooses Abraham to make a covenant with him and his future descendants. All an act of grace. Abraham's descendants, the Israelites, end up in slavery in Egypt, and God raises up Moses to lead them out. Moses becomes a mediator, the one who speaks to the LORD and conveys His commandments to the people. But Moses feels his own inadequacies as a mediator. He longs for the day when God's Spirit will be poured out on all believers (Num 11:29). Over the next generations, God raises up leaders for the people, from Joshua to the judges like Samuel, and then kings like David who sought God's heart. But there are many kings who lead Israel into further idolatry and rebellion, and the Old Testament ends with a much diminished Israel, a remnant, post-exile to Babylon, looking forward to the day when God will make things right again with His anointed one: the Christ.

Jesus is the mediator that the whole of Scripture points towards:

'For there is ...one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.' (1 Tim 2:5)

All other human mediators before this point had their failings (Moses disobeyed God by striking the rock, David committed adultery with Bathsheba and murdered her husband Uriah, to provide just two examples). Jesus was completely without sin, so therefore His mediation was perfect. Hebrews teaches that He acted like a High Priest... in fact, He is the High Priest to end the Levitical priesthood for ever, because He is the High Priest of a new covenant which is superior to the old and replaces it (Heb 7:22,27; Heb 8:6). He made the perfect sacrifice for sins once for all, and then sat down at the right hand of the Father (Heb 8:1). His unique status as the Son of God enables Him to mediate for us in a way that no one else could. He was fully man and this meant that He could fully take the penalty for sin in His flesh, without at all deserving it because He resisted sin. 'God made Him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God' (2 Cor 5:21).

Let's go back to Psalm 8. The Psalmist continues:
'Yet you have made him a little lower than the heavenly beings and crowned him with glory and honor.
You have given him dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under his feet,
all sheep and oxen, and also the beasts of the field,
the birds of the heavens, and the fish of the sea, whatever passes along the paths of the seas.'

But we find out in Hebrews 2 that this passage actually refers to Jesus! The writer quotes it and explains: 'In putting everything under Him, God left nothing that is not subject to Him.' (Heb 2:8) Jesus had to be 'made like His brothers in every way, in order that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, and that He might make atonement for the sins of the people' (Heb 2:17) This is why we need a mediator. We need Christ's substitutionary atonement for us, dying on the cross for our sins, and we need His imputed righteousness, the positive effect of His holy life, projected onto us so that in God's sight we are made righteous.

These are massive concepts! And there is so much complexity and depth to them. But for now I want to keep it within reasonable reading length, and I realise I have probably moved far beyond that already.

To sum it up: even if we were perfect, to know God and be in relationship with Him would be a gift of His grace (and He was willing to give this freely, as Genesis 1-2 show). Because we are sinful, to know God and be in relationship with Him is only possible through the mediation of Jesus Christ. We need Him to take away our sin, and we need Him to clothe us with His righteousness so we can stand before God and be made holy and blameless in His sight (Eph 1:4).

Creation

There is no doubt in my mind that someone can be a sincere Christian and not be a creationist. Many people view Genesis 1-2 as a poetic account explaining the purpose of humanity, and see no conflict between this and the Big Bang theory. Perhaps God created a Big Bang. Either that, or Christians feel unsure what to think, how to reconcile the Bible account of creation with scientific theory.

I want to suggest that the creation controversy has many far-reaching implications in a Christian's worldview and life, and encourage Christians to prioritise what the Bible teaches above what men theorize.

Firstly, the whole apprach of marrying evolution and the Bible shows our human tendency to patronise our ancestors and believe that future = progress = better. We like to smile and say knowingly, "Yes but the people who wrote the Bible were unscientific. They didn't know all that we know now." I think it's a mistake to dismiss the intellect of people from Bible times. Cain built a city with no precedent! (Gen 4:17) If humans are inventive and intelligent now, they certainly were from the beginning- after all, we were made in the image of God and He is the ultimate Inventor and intelligent One.

Secondly I think it's dangerous to bring human ideas to the Bible, and try to squash the Bible to fit them- or worse, ignore what the Bible says, in favour of a human idea. The Bible was certainly written by men at a specific time in history where they didn't have space travel and electric power etc, but it was ultimately God-breathed (2 Tim 3:16). It is God's book about Himself and the world He created. It is His gracious revelation to us. It defines wisdom.

We, as flawed and sinful human beings, are not smarter than God. We weren't there when the universe was created. God was. Our puny human ideas don't touch a smidgen of the immense capacity of God's mind. He has NO LIMITATIONS!

Many people cling to evolution because they have rejected God and want to find a way of explaining the universe without Him in the picture. Many non-Christians scoff at a creationist: 'How can you believer that the universe was created in six days?' Their worldview does not include a God who is all-powerful, all-knowing and 100% good.

The crux of the matter is this: if you are a Christian and believe in a God who can raise from the dead, then you believe in a God who is the author and giver of life, who is perfectly capable of creating a universe in six days. And if you believe in this God, what exactly is so ludicrous about creationism? If you believe that God IS capable of a six day creation (which Genesis 1 asserts that He is), and yet choose to believe that He chose instead to form the world over millions of years from tiny cells, why exactly are you making that decision? What motivates you? If it's social acceptance, then surely you're valuing the theories of men above the Word of God?

Wayne Grudem in Systematic Theology points out that there are a number of problems with being a theistic evolutionary:

• Randomness vs God's clear purpose. 'after three hundred eighty-seven million four hundred ninety-two thousand eight hundred seventy-one attempts, God finally made a mouse that worked'.
• Scripture says God's word has immediate response
• Scripture says God made different species
• Adam and Eve were specially created to be different from other animals
• The New Testament affirms the historicity of Adam and Eve as real people (Rom 5, 1 Cor 15, Lk 3:38 etc)
  

Christians who support evolution have some seriously tricky issues and questions to grapple with, such as:

1. When did humans first exist? When did a Neanderthal become a human being with a soul?

2. Who were Adam and Eve? Two of many people who had all evolved at the same time? Mythological characters? If so, how much else of the Bible is mere mythology?

3. When did the Fall happen? There has to be a Fall, because even if you don't believe God created the world in six days, you have to believe that God created the world good-unless ou have God create something imperfect which throws open a whole other can of worms.

4. When did death enter the world? Evolutionary theory is based upon survival of the fittest, and the development of species over generations. The Bible teaches that death is a consequence of sin. No sin = no death. God HATES death. It is the antithesis of who He is- the life-giver. It makes no sense that He would create death as part of His perfect world. Any thinking which suggests death is necessary is only based on the world we see today- we cannot imagine a world without death. Yet that is what Jesus came to save us from, and the future we have to look forward to in heaven.

There are many things I don't understand about the world, the universe and the Bible. But I believe that God created everything and knows best:

'By faith we understand that the universe was formed at God's command, so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible.' Hebrews 11:3

I don't want to bury my head in the sand and ignore science completely. But I feel happier taking God at His word and waiting for heaven where I'll understand much better! I'd rather stand before God and have Him say, 'You fool, Sophie, for taking Genesis 1 literally!' than to have Him say, 'Why did you believe what men said above what My word revealed to you?' And judging on Jesus' reaction to His contemporaries ('for they loved praise from men more than praise from God' Jn 12:43; 'You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to the traditions of men' Mk 7:8), I think the latter is more likely than the former.

Psalm 19: The God who is wise

Lessons from David- Psalm 19

'The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands' (1)

All of creation witnesses to the existence of a generous and wise God. He can create things well- and does so with grandeur. Just look at the sun (5-6), the centrepoint of our universe. God is brighter, everlasting and more majestic than this.

And God's wisdom is also revealed to us in His Word, described here as perfect, trustworthy, wisdom-giving, joyous, radiant and precious. 'By them is Your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward.' (11)

How often do we view God's commands as limiting factors on our lives? Instead we should follow the psalmist's example, and humbly come befre God's Word so that our errors can be discerned (12). By coming to God's Word humbly and prayerfully we are asking God to change us to be increasingly blameless and holy.

'May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing in Your sight, O Lord, my Rock and my Redeemer.' (14)